India is a land of diverse cultural heritage, and its musical tradition is no exception. With a rich history spanning thousands of years, Indian classical music has produced a wide array of instruments, each with its own unique sound and style. From the sitar and tabla to the veena and flute, choosing the best Indian instrument is a subject of much debate among music lovers and aficionados. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the most popular Indian instruments, their history, construction, and playing techniques, as well as the great musicians who have made them famous. Whether you are a seasoned musician or a curious listener, this guide will provide you with a deeper appreciation of India’s musical heritage and the instruments that bring it to life.
The Significance of Indian Instruments in Music
The History of Indian Instruments
Indian music has a rich and diverse history, with a plethora of musical instruments that have been developed over centuries. These instruments have played a significant role in shaping the cultural and artistic heritage of India.
Evolution of Indian Instruments
The evolution of Indian instruments can be traced back to the Vedic period, where references to various musical instruments can be found in the ancient texts. Over time, these instruments underwent significant changes and developments, reflecting the cultural and social changes that occurred in India.
Regional Diversity
India’s diverse cultural landscape has given rise to a wide variety of musical instruments, each with its own unique style and sound. From the sitar and tabla of North India to the veena and mridangam of South India, the diversity of Indian instruments is a testament to the country’s rich cultural heritage.
Influence of Foreign Cultures
India’s history of cultural exchange has also influenced the development of its musical instruments. For example, the sitar, which is now synonymous with Indian classical music, was originally inspired by the Persian instrument, the setar. Similarly, the tambura, a stringed instrument commonly used in Carnatic music, has its roots in the Persian instrument, the tanbur.
Tradition and Innovation
While Indian instruments have a rich history and tradition, they have also undergone innovation and change over time. Today, many musicians are pushing the boundaries of traditional instruments, incorporating new techniques and sounds to create a modern, yet authentic, Indian musical experience.
In conclusion, the history of Indian instruments is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of India. From their evolution over time to their regional diversity and influence of foreign cultures, Indian instruments have played a significant role in shaping the country’s musical landscape.
The Role of Indian Instruments in Indian Music
The role of Indian instruments in Indian music is immense, as they are not only an integral part of the music but also play a crucial role in the cultural heritage of the country. The Indian instruments have been an essential part of Indian classical music for centuries, and they have also been used in various folk and popular music forms.
In Indian classical music, the instruments are used to provide accompaniment to the vocal or instrumental solos. They are also used to create the rhythmic patterns that are so essential to Indian music. The instruments are often used to create complex and intricate rhythmic patterns that are difficult to achieve with the human voice alone.
Indian instruments have a unique sound that is not found in any other type of music. The sound of the instruments is a result of the materials used to make them, as well as the technique used to play them. For example, the sound of the sitar is created by the vibration of the strings against the wooden body of the instrument, while the sound of the tabla is created by the vibration of the skin against the wooden body.
In addition to providing accompaniment, Indian instruments also have a soloistic role in Indian classical music. The instruments are often used to create complex and intricate melodies that are played in a soloistic style. The instruments are also used to create improvisations, which are an essential part of Indian classical music.
In folk and popular music forms, Indian instruments are used to create the rhythmic patterns and melodies that are an essential part of these genres. The instruments are also used to create the distinctive sound of these genres, which is often associated with Indian music.
Overall, the role of Indian instruments in Indian music is crucial, as they provide the rhythmic patterns, melodies, and sounds that are an integral part of the music. The instruments are not only an essential part of Indian classical music but also play a crucial role in folk and popular music forms.
The Most Popular Indian Instruments
Sitar
The sitar is one of the most well-known and beloved instruments in Indian classical music. It is a stringed instrument that is plucked with a plectrum or finger and has a distinctive resonant sound. The sitar has a long and storied history in India, with origins dating back to ancient times.
The modern sitar is a relatively recent invention, developed in the 18th century by the legendary Indian musician, Tansen. He is said to have created the instrument by combining elements of the Persian setar and the Indian veena. Since then, the sitar has become an integral part of Indian classical music, with its complex melodies and intricate rhythms.
One of the most notable features of the sitar is its unique shape. It has a round, hollow body with a large resonator and a long, narrow neck. The strings are stretched across the resonator and the neck, and are plucked with a plectrum or finger to produce sound. The sitar also has a distinctive bridges, known as the “jawari,” which allows the musician to produce a wide range of tones and overtones.
The sitar is typically played with the musician sitting cross-legged on the floor, with the instrument resting on their lap. The musician uses a plectrum or finger to pluck the strings, and can also use various techniques such as “meend” (a long, sustained note) and “gamaka” (a rapid, ornamental passage) to create a wide range of musical effects.
The sitar is an incredibly versatile instrument, and is capable of producing a wide range of sounds and effects. It is used in a variety of musical genres, including classical, popular, and folk music. Its haunting melodies and intricate rhythms have captivated audiences around the world, making it one of the most beloved instruments in Indian music.
Tabla
The tabla is one of the most widely recognized and celebrated instruments in Indian classical music. It is a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of small drums, one of which is larger than the other. The tabla is played with the hands, and the musician uses various techniques to produce a range of sounds and rhythms.
The tabla has a rich history in India, with roots dating back to ancient times. It is believed to have originated in North India, and over time, it has become an integral part of Indian classical music. The tabla is often used as an accompaniment to vocal and instrumental performances, but it can also be played as a solo instrument.
One of the unique features of the tabla is its tuning. The two drums are tuned to different frequencies, and the musician can use a range of bols (notes) to create complex melodies and rhythms. The tabla is also versatile, and musicians can adjust the tuning to suit different musical styles and genres.
In addition to its use in Indian classical music, the tabla has also become popular in other genres, such as bhangra and pop music. It has been featured in numerous Bollywood soundtracks and has been played by some of the most famous musicians in India.
The tabla is an essential part of India’s musical heritage, and it continues to be an important instrument in modern music. Its intricate rhythms and melodic sounds have captivated audiences for centuries, and it remains a beloved instrument among musicians and music lovers alike.
Harmonium
The harmonium is a free-reed aerophone instrument that is widely used in Indian classical music. It is a versatile instrument that can be played in various ways, including pumping the bellows with the left hand while pressing keys with the right hand to produce melodies and chords.
History of the Harmonium
The harmonium was invented in the early 19th century by a Frenchman named Charles Wheatstone. It was introduced to India in the mid-19th century by European missionaries and quickly gained popularity among Indian musicians. The harmonium became an essential instrument in Indian classical music, particularly in the style of the Bhajan and the Khyal.
Sound Production in Harmonium
The harmonium produces sound through a set of metal reeds that are mounted on a frame. When air is blown into the instrument, the reeds vibrate, producing a sound. The harmonium has a range of five octaves and can produce a variety of tones, from soft and subtle to loud and powerful.
Popularity of Harmonium in Indian Music
The harmonium is widely used in Indian classical music and is an essential instrument in the performance of Bhajans and other devotional music. It is also used in the performance of light classical music and is popular in the state of Punjab, where it is used in folk music.
Notable Harmonium Players
Some notable harmonium players in Indian classical music include Pandit Jasraj, Pandit Rajan Mishra, and Pandit Ajoy Chakraborty. These musicians have popularized the use of the harmonium in Indian classical music and have contributed to its continued popularity in India.
Conclusion
The harmonium is a versatile and popular instrument in Indian classical music. Its rich and resonant sound has made it an essential part of Indian music, particularly in the performance of Bhajans and other devotional music. The harmonium continues to be a beloved instrument among Indian musicians and music lovers alike.
Tanpura
The Tanpura is a stringed instrument that is commonly used in Indian classical music. It has four strings, which are plucked with the fingers or a plectrum. The Tanpura is known for its deep, resonant sound and its ability to provide a constant drone throughout a musical performance.
One of the key features of the Tanpura is its distinctive shape, which is often referred to as the “sitar” shape. The body of the instrument is typically made from teakwood or rosewood, and it has a long, pointed neck that is connected to a small, circular soundboard. The strings are usually made from steel or brass, and they are plucked with the fingers or a plectrum to produce a clear, ringing sound.
The Tanpura is often used as an accompaniment instrument in Indian classical music, providing a constant drone that serves as a foundation for the melody. It is also used in certain ragas, or musical modes, where it is played in a specific pattern to create a particular mood or atmosphere.
While the Tanpura is a versatile instrument that can be played in a variety of musical styles, it is most commonly associated with Indian classical music. It is played by musicians of all skill levels, from beginners to advanced practitioners, and it is widely respected for its unique sound and cultural significance.
In summary, the Tanpura is a stringed instrument that is commonly used in Indian classical music. It has a distinctive shape and sound, and it is often used as an accompaniment instrument to provide a constant drone throughout a musical performance. Whether played by beginners or advanced musicians, the Tanpura remains an important and respected instrument in Indian musical heritage.
The Art of Playing Indian Instruments
The Techniques and Styles of Playing Indian Instruments
The techniques and styles of playing Indian instruments are deeply rooted in the cultural and traditional music of India. Each instrument has its own unique method of playing, and mastering these techniques requires years of dedication and practice. Here are some of the key techniques and styles used in playing Indian instruments:
Taal
Taal is a rhythmic pattern that is essential in Indian classical music. It is a system of beats that determine the tempo and time signature of a piece of music. Indian instruments such as the tabla, mridangam, and ghatam are all played using various taal patterns. Tabla players use their fingers to strike the different parts of the instrument to create different sounds, while mridangam players use a pair of sticks to strike the instrument. Ghatam players, on the other hand, use their mouth to create a resonant sound by blowing air into the instrument.
Gamaka
Gamaka is a technique used in Indian classical music to embellish and decorate a melody. It involves adding ornamental notes and patterns to a melody to enhance its beauty and expressiveness. Indian instruments such as the sitar, violin, and flute are all played using gamaka techniques. Sitar players use their fingers to fret the strings and create different sounds, while violin players use a bow to create a range of tones and textures. Flute players use their breath and fingerwork to create a variety of sounds and melodies.
Improvisation
Improvisation is a key element of Indian classical music. It involves creating spontaneous melodies and variations on a given raga or scale. Indian instruments such as the sitar, saxophone, and piano are all used in improvisation. Sitar players use their fingerwork and technique to create complex melodies and patterns, while saxophone players use their breath and embellishments to create a range of sounds and textures. Piano players use their technique and creativity to improvise on a given chord progression or melody.
Fusion
Fusion is a relatively new style of Indian music that combines traditional Indian instruments and techniques with modern genres such as rock, jazz, and hip-hop. Indian instruments such as the sitar, tabla, and santoor are all used in fusion music. Sitar players use their fingerwork and technique to create complex melodies and patterns, while tabla players use their rhythmic skills to add energy and drive to a piece of music. Santoor players use their fingers to create a range of sounds and textures on the instrument.
Overall, the techniques and styles of playing Indian instruments are diverse and varied, reflecting the rich cultural and musical heritage of India. Whether playing traditional Indian classical music or fusion music, the skill and artistry required to master these techniques is truly impressive.
The Importance of Practice and Patience
Indian classical music is renowned for its intricate and complex compositions, which require years of dedicated practice and patience to master. To become proficient in playing any Indian instrument, it is essential to understand the significance of practice and patience.
The Role of Practice
Practice is the cornerstone of achieving musical excellence. Regular and consistent practice helps in developing the muscle memory and dexterity required to play intricate notes and rhythms. It is essential to set aside a specific time each day for practice and to create a conducive environment that is free from distractions.
The Importance of Patience
Learning to play an Indian instrument requires patience and perseverance. Mastering intricate compositions and techniques can take months or even years of consistent practice. It is crucial to remain patient and not get discouraged by setbacks or failures. It is also essential to have a growth mindset and to view each mistake as an opportunity to learn and improve.
Developing a Long-Term Vision
Playing an Indian instrument is a lifelong journey that requires a long-term vision. It is crucial to have a clear goal in mind and to work towards it consistently. This goal could be to perform at a concert, to participate in a music festival, or to record an album. It is also essential to understand that progress may not always be linear and to celebrate small victories along the way.
Embracing Feedback
Feedback is an essential component of the learning process. It is crucial to seek feedback from a guru or a mentor who can provide guidance and advice on how to improve. Feedback should be received with an open mind and a willingness to learn and make necessary adjustments. It is also essential to embrace constructive criticism and to use it as an opportunity to grow and improve.
In conclusion, practice and patience are the two essential components of mastering the art of playing Indian instruments. Regular and consistent practice, coupled with a long-term vision and a growth mindset, can help musicians achieve their goals and reach new heights in their musical journey.
Choosing the Right Indian Instrument for You
Factors to Consider When Choosing an Indian Instrument
When it comes to choosing the right Indian instrument, there are several factors to consider. These factors will help you determine which instrument is best suited to your interests, skill level, and musical goals.
Personal Interest
One of the most important factors to consider when choosing an Indian instrument is your personal interest in the instrument. Do you have a particular instrument that you have always been drawn to, or are you open to exploring different options? Consider what type of music you enjoy listening to and whether that genre is played on a particular instrument. For example, if you are a fan of classical Indian music, you may want to consider learning to play the sitar or tabla.
Skill Level
Another important factor to consider is your skill level. Some Indian instruments are more difficult to learn than others, so it’s important to choose an instrument that is appropriate for your skill level. If you are a beginner, you may want to start with a simpler instrument like the harmonium or tanpura. If you have more experience, you may want to try a more complex instrument like the sarod or santoor.
Musical Goals
Your musical goals are also an important factor to consider when choosing an Indian instrument. Do you want to perform in public, or are you more interested in playing for personal enjoyment? Your musical goals will help you determine which instrument is best suited to your needs. For example, if you want to perform in public, you may want to choose an instrument that is more commonly used in public performances, such as the sitar or tabla.
Cost
Finally, cost is also an important factor to consider when choosing an Indian instrument. Some instruments can be quite expensive, so it’s important to choose an instrument that you can afford. Consider the cost of the instrument itself, as well as any additional costs such as lessons, accessories, and maintenance.
By considering these factors, you can choose the right Indian instrument for you and start on your journey to becoming a skilled musician.
Tips for Beginners
Choosing the right Indian instrument can be an exciting yet daunting task, especially for beginners. Here are some tips to help you make the right choice:
- Understand Your Musical Goals: The first step in choosing the right Indian instrument is to understand your musical goals. Are you looking to play for personal enjoyment or do you aspire to become a professional musician? Knowing your goals will help you choose an instrument that suits your needs.
- Consider Your Skill Level: It’s important to choose an instrument that matches your skill level. If you’re a beginner, it’s best to start with a simple instrument that’s easy to learn. You can always progress to more complex instruments as you become more proficient.
- Research Different Instruments: Once you have a clear understanding of your musical goals and skill level, it’s time to research different Indian instruments. There are many instruments to choose from, including sitar, tabla, harmonium, and more. Take the time to learn about each instrument’s history, construction, and playing techniques.
- Try Out Different Instruments: Before making a final decision, it’s important to try out different instruments. Visit music stores or rent instruments to get a feel for each one. This will help you determine which instrument is the best fit for you.
- Consult with Experienced Musicians: If you’re still unsure which instrument to choose, consult with experienced musicians. They can offer valuable advice and insights based on their own experiences.
By following these tips, you’ll be well on your way to choosing the right Indian instrument for you.
Learning to Play Indian Instruments
The Benefits of Learning to Play Indian Instruments
Learning to play Indian instruments can be a rewarding and enriching experience. Here are some of the benefits of learning to play Indian instruments:
- Cultural appreciation: Indian music has a rich cultural heritage, and learning to play Indian instruments can help you appreciate and understand this heritage better.
- Development of cognitive skills: Playing Indian instruments requires concentration, focus, and memory. It can help develop cognitive skills and enhance brain function.
- Improved motor skills: Playing Indian instruments requires precise movements and hand-eye coordination. It can help improve motor skills and hand-foot coordination.
- Emotional expression: Indian music is known for its ability to evoke emotions and express feelings. Learning to play Indian instruments can help you express yourself better and connect with your emotions.
- Social interaction: Learning to play Indian instruments can also be a social experience. You can meet other musicians, join music groups, and perform together.
- Personal fulfillment: Finally, learning to play Indian instruments can be a personally fulfilling experience. It can bring joy, satisfaction, and a sense of accomplishment.
Finding the Right Teacher or School
Finding the right teacher or school is a crucial step in learning to play Indian instruments. While there are many resources available online, such as tutorials and videos, nothing can replace the guidance and personalized attention of a knowledgeable and experienced teacher. Here are some tips for finding the right teacher or school:
- Research and ask around: Start by researching reputable teachers or schools in your area. Ask other musicians or music enthusiasts for recommendations. You can also check online music forums or social media groups for recommendations.
- Check their credentials: Look for teachers or schools that have a proven track record of teaching Indian instruments. Check their credentials, such as their training and experience, and their affiliation with any music institutions or organizations.
- Schedule a trial lesson: Before committing to a teacher or school, schedule a trial lesson to see if their teaching style and approach align with your learning goals and preferences.
- Evaluate the teaching environment: Consider the teaching environment, such as the quality of instruments, the space, and the equipment. A good teacher or school should have the necessary resources to provide a quality learning experience.
- Look for performance opportunities: If you are serious about pursuing Indian music, look for teachers or schools that provide opportunities to perform and showcase your skills. This can help you develop your skills and gain exposure to different musical styles and genres.
Overall, finding the right teacher or school is essential for anyone looking to learn Indian instruments. With the right guidance and support, you can develop your skills and become a proficient player of Indian music.
Resources for Learning Indian Instruments Online
India’s rich musical heritage is a treasure trove of traditional instruments that have been passed down through generations. Today, technology has made it possible to learn how to play these instruments from the comfort of your own home. There are several online resources available for those interested in learning to play Indian instruments. Here are some of the best ones:
Online Courses
- Udemy: Udemy offers a wide range of courses on various Indian instruments, including the sitar, tabla, and harmonium. These courses are taught by experienced instructors and are designed for both beginners and advanced learners.
- Coursera: Coursera offers a variety of courses on Indian music and instruments, including a course on the fundamentals of Indian classical music. These courses are typically taught by professors from prestigious universities and are designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of Indian music.
- Sangeet Vidyalaya: Sangeet Vidyalaya is an online music school that offers courses on various Indian instruments, including the sitar, sarod, and tabla. The courses are designed to teach students the basics of Indian classical music and provide them with the skills needed to become proficient players.
Online Communities
- Reddit: Reddit has several communities dedicated to Indian music and instruments, including r/IndianMusic and r/Tabla. These communities are great places to connect with other learners and ask questions, as well as find resources and tips for learning to play Indian instruments.
- Facebook Groups: There are several Facebook groups dedicated to Indian music and instruments, including the Indian Classical Music Lovers group and the Indian Music and Musicians group. These groups are great places to connect with other learners and find resources and tips for learning to play Indian instruments.
Online Videos
- YouTube: YouTube is a great resource for finding videos on Indian instruments and music. There are several channels dedicated to Indian classical music, including the Sripat Mishra channel and the Anup Jalota channel. These channels offer a wealth of information on Indian instruments and music, including tutorials and performances.
- IndianRaga: IndianRaga is an online platform that offers a wide range of videos on Indian classical music and instruments. The platform features performances by some of India’s top musicians, as well as tutorials and interviews with experts in the field.
In conclusion, there are several online resources available for those interested in learning to play Indian instruments. From online courses to communities and videos, there is something for everyone. With the right resources and dedication, anyone can learn to play Indian instruments and become a part of India’s rich musical heritage.
Indian Instruments in Modern Music
The Evolution of Indian Instruments in Modern Music
Integration with Western Instruments
In recent years, Indian instruments have undergone a significant transformation as they have been integrated with Western instruments. This fusion has resulted in the creation of new sounds and styles, blending the traditional Indian music with contemporary genres.
Experimental Music
Experimental music has also played a significant role in the evolution of Indian instruments in modern music. Musicians have been pushing the boundaries of traditional Indian music by incorporating electronic sounds, effects, and technology to create a new sound.
Globalization
The globalization of Indian music has also played a crucial role in its evolution. Indian musicians have been collaborating with international artists, resulting in a blending of different musical styles and traditions. This has led to the creation of new sounds and genres, such as world music, fusion, and Bollywood music.
Film Industry
The Indian film industry, known as Bollywood, has also played a significant role in the evolution of Indian instruments in modern music. Many of the popular Indian instruments, such as the sitar, tabla, and sarod, have been featured prominently in Bollywood music. This has helped to popularize these instruments and has made them more accessible to a wider audience.
Overall, the evolution of Indian instruments in modern music has been a result of a combination of factors, including integration with Western instruments, experimental music, globalization, and the Bollywood film industry. This evolution has led to the creation of new sounds and styles, and has helped to preserve and promote the rich musical heritage of India.
The Impact of Indian Instruments on Global Music
- The worldwide recognition of Indian music has led to the inclusion of Indian instruments in modern music across the globe.
- Artists from various genres have incorporated Indian instruments into their compositions, thereby broadening the scope of contemporary music.
- Western classical music has been enriched by the integration of Indian instruments such as the sitar, tabla, and sarod.
- Indian instruments have also been embraced by popular music artists, resulting in the creation of unique sounds and styles.
- The influence of Indian music and instruments can be heard in various music festivals around the world, showcasing the universal appeal of India’s musical heritage.
- Indian instruments have transcended cultural boundaries, becoming an integral part of the global music scene and highlighting the universality of music as a means of communication and expression.
Recap of the Importance of Indian Instruments in Music
- The significance of Indian instruments in modern music cannot be overstated.
- They have played a vital role in shaping the sound of contemporary music, both in India and globally.
- From classical to pop, Indian instruments have been integrated into various genres, adding depth and texture to the music.
- Indian instruments have also influenced the development of electronic music, with many producers incorporating their unique sounds into their productions.
- In addition, Indian instruments have been used in film music, further enhancing their presence in modern music.
- The versatility and adaptability of Indian instruments make them an essential component of modern music production.
- Their rich history and cultural significance continue to inspire musicians and producers today, ensuring their relevance in the ever-evolving world of music.
Final Thoughts on Choosing the Best Indian Instrument for You
Choosing the best Indian instrument for you is a personal decision that depends on your interests, musical goals, and the time and effort you are willing to invest in learning and mastering an instrument. Here are some final thoughts to consider:
- Traditional vs. Modern Instruments: India’s musical heritage includes both traditional and modern instruments. If you are interested in exploring India’s classical music traditions, you may want to consider learning a traditional instrument such as the sitar, sarod, or tabla. On the other hand, if you are interested in contemporary music or fusion genres, you may want to explore modern instruments such as the guitar, keyboard, or drums.
- Time and Effort: Learning an instrument requires time and effort. Some instruments, such as the sitar or sarod, require years of dedicated practice to master. Before committing to an instrument, consider how much time and effort you are willing to invest in learning and practicing.
- Teachers and Resources: Finding a good teacher and resources can make a big difference in your learning experience. Research local teachers and music schools, and ask for recommendations from other musicians. Look for online resources such as video tutorials, online courses, and music forums to supplement your learning.
- Personal Preference: Ultimately, the best Indian instrument for you is the one that you enjoy playing and that resonates with your personal style and musical preferences. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different instruments and styles until you find what feels right for you.
Remember, choosing the best Indian instrument is a personal decision that depends on your individual interests, goals, and preferences. By considering these factors and doing your research, you can find the instrument that is right for you and begin your journey as a musician.
FAQs
1. What is the best Indian instrument?
There is no definitive answer to this question as it largely depends on personal preference and the context in which the instrument is being used. Different instruments have different characteristics and are suited to different styles of music and playing techniques.
2. What are some of the most popular Indian instruments?
Some of the most popular Indian instruments include the sitar, tabla, sarod, veena, and harmonium. Each of these instruments has a unique sound and is commonly used in different genres of Indian classical music.
3. What is the difference between the sitar and the sarod?
The sitar and sarod are both stringed instruments that are commonly used in Indian classical music. The main difference between the two is the shape of the instrument and the way it is played. The sitar has a round body and is played with a flat-faced wooden plectrum, while the sarod has a trapezoidal body and is played with a curved-finger technique.
4. What is the tabla and how is it played?
The tabla is a percussion instrument that is commonly used in Indian classical music. It consists of two small drums, one played with the dominant hand and the other with the non-dominant hand. The tabla is played by striking the drums with the fingers and palms of the hands in a rhythmic pattern.
5. What is the veena and how is it played?
The veena is a stringed instrument that is commonly used in Indian classical music. It has a long neck and a resonator body and is played by plucking the strings with the fingers. The veena is often used in devotional and classical music and is known for its rich, mellow sound.
6. What is the harmonium and how is it played?
The harmonium is a keyboard instrument that is commonly used in Indian classical music. It produces sound by pressing keys that push air through reeds, similar to the way a pipe organ works. The harmonium is played by pressing the keys with the fingers and using the feet to control the pressure of the air flow.
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